The US central bank has imposed its fourth major interest rate rise in a row while the Bank of England raised the base rate of interest by 0.75 percentage points to 3% – the single biggest increase in more than three decades.
The Federal Reserve, the central bank known as the Fed, has once again hiked rates by 0.75 percentage points in an effort to curb soaring inflation.
American interest rates now stand at 3.75% to 4% up from 3% to 3.25% since the last increase in September.
The latest tough stance has been taken in an effort to limit spiralling inflation, which stood at more than 8.2%in the US in the 12 months up to September. The rises are being made as part of an overall plan to reduce inflation to 2%.
There is to be no let up in pursuing that target as the committee that decides US interest rates said it anticipated “ongoing increases” in rates will be appropriate “for some time”.
The Fed has taken on responsibility for inflation, speaking at the announcement, chair of the Fed, Jay Powell said price stability is the responsibility of his organisation and the bedrock of the economy. “Without price stability, the economy does not work for anyone,” he said.
Just how high those rates reach remains to be seen. Mr Powell added there’s “significant uncertainty” around the level of rate rises but it’s expected rates will be higher than previously expected.
What will determine how much interest rates rise are readings on public health, labour market conditions, inflation, and financial and international developments.
The longer the current high rate of inflation continues, the greater the chance that expectations of inflation will become entrenched, Mr Powell added.
Now is not the time to be considering when interest rises may moderate, he said, ongoing rate hikes are needed to get to a level that is “sufficiently restrictive”.
The impact of those rate rises are already having a negative effect on the economy, economists have said.
“A Fed-induced recession is still a very real – and dangerous – possibility,” said Rakeen Mabud, chief economist and managing director of policy and research at the Groundwork Collaborative.
“The slowdown in the housing market is the canary in the coal mine – a warning of the real price we will all pay if Chair Powell continues on his interest rate bender.”
Meanwhile the Bank of England has raised the base rate of interest by 0.75 percentage points to 3% – the single biggest increase in more than three decades – and said that the UK is already in recession.
The Bank warned that the UK could face a protracted contraction in the coming years, with high inflation and the unemployment rate climbing to 6.5% – the highest since the financial crisis.
The economy would still be well below its 2022 size at the end of 2025.